1ACs

1ACs refers to the first affirmative constructive speeches in formal policy debate, typically delivered by the affirmative team at the start of a round. The 1AC is the opening step in presenting the affirmative case and arguing in favor of adopting the resolution or plan proposed by the team.

A 1AC generally includes several core elements. It begins with a definition or interpretation of key terms and the topic, establishing how the resolution will be understood for the round. It then presents the plan or advocacy text that the affirmative seeks to implement. The central contentions or advantages are laid out to justify why the plan should be adopted, often organized around harms or problems, inherency or need for change, and solvency—the plan’s ability to address the stated harms. In many cases, evidence and data are cited to support these claims, and the 1AC may anticipate and address potential objections or counterarguments.

The 1AC’s purpose is twofold: to convince the judge(s) that the plan is desirable and feasible, and to establish a foundation for the rest of the round by outlining the framework, evidence, and anticipated impacts. After delivering the 1AC, the round typically proceeds to cross-examination by the opposing team, followed by the negative’s first constructive. The 1AC often reflects the affirmative’s strategic priorities, and its content shapes how the remaining speeches and rebuttals unfold. Lengths vary by format, but eight minutes is a common benchmark in many policy debate settings.