19751979
1975–1979 was a period of marked geopolitical upheaval, decolonization, economic strain, and notable scientific progress. The era began with the conclusion of the Vietnam War, as the system of American involvement ended with the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975, and the reunification of Vietnam under Communist rule followed. That same year, Portugal’s former colonies in Africa moved toward independence, with Angola and Mozambique both achieving independence in 1975, though their paths soon entered civil conflict and Cold War alignments.
The international order of the time was shaped by efforts at East–West dialogue and human rights commitments.
Economic and energy issues dominated global concerns, as the late 1970s experienced persistent inflation and energy
Scientific and cultural development continued alongside conflict-driven changes. NASA missions in the period included the Viking