1680

1680 was a leap year in the Gregorian calendar. It occurred during the late 17th century, a period marked by ongoing European state formation, colonial expansion, and developments in science and culture.

In the Americas, the Pueblo Revolt began in August 1680 in the Province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. Indigenous Pueblo peoples rose against Spanish colonial rule, expelling settlers from the region for a time and reshaping colonial policy. The revolt ended with the Spanish reconquest in 1692, but it had lasting effects on governance, mission policy, and Indigenous resistance in the Southwest.

In Europe, monarchies under Louis XIV continued to exercise centralized authority amid continuing conflicts and religious tensions that characterized the era. The political landscape of the region was shaped by power struggles among emerging nation-states and ongoing questions about church-state relations in a post-Reformation world.

In East Asia, the Qing dynasty under the Kangxi Emperor pursued consolidation and expansion of its empire, maintaining relations with neighboring states and managing internal governance during a period of relative stability.

In global trade, European trading companies such as the Dutch East India Company and the English East India Company maintained and expanded networks across the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. International commerce continued to connect distant regions, contributing to the era’s economic and cultural exchanges.