1360s1415

The phrase 1360s1415 refers to roughly the late fourteenth through early fifteenth centuries, a period in which Europe and neighboring regions experienced renewed major conflict, dynastic change, reform efforts, and shifting power balances. It also encompasses the consolidation of the Ming dynasty in China and the rise of Timurid and Ottoman polities in their respective realms.

In Western Europe, the period began with the 1360 Treaty of Brétigny, which paused the Hundred Years’ War between England and France. The subsequent decades saw French royal consolidation under Charles V, ongoing English campaigns, and significant domestic upheaval in England, including the Good Parliament of 1376 and the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381. The English crown passed to the Lancastrians with Henry IV in 1399, inaugurating a new dynastic era and renewed conflict in France. Henry V’s campaigns culminated in the 1415 victory at Agincourt, a pivotal moment in the war.

In Bohemia and central Europe, the period witnessed religious and political crises that culminated in the Council of Constance (1414–1418) and the execution of Jan Hus in 1415, events that helped foment the Hussite movement.

To the east, Timur (Tamerlane) defeated the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I at Angora in 1402, precipitating an Ottoman interregnum that ended with Mehmed I’s restoration around 1413. The Baltic frontier saw ongoing tension between Poland–Lithuania and the Teutonic Order, including the 1410 battle of Grunwald.

In Asia, the Ming dynasty established a centralized, long-lasting rule after 1368, bringing greater stability to China after the late Yuan period. The era’s social effects included the continuing aftershocks of the Black Death and evolving urban economies that reshaped medieval society.