123propanetriol

123propanetriol is an alternative systematic name for glycerol, also known as glycerine. It is a simple polyol with three hydroxyl groups attached to a propane backbone. The molecular formula is C3H8O3 and the molar mass is 92.09 g/mol. The IUPAC name is propane-1,2,3-triol.

Physically, 123propanetriol is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid with a characteristic sweet taste. It is highly hygroscopic and miscible with water, ethanol, and acetone. At room temperature it remains a clear liquid; the melting point is about -38 C and the boiling point is around 290 C, though it tends to decompose before boiling. The density is approximately 1.26 g/mL at 20 C.

Production and natural occurrence: glycerol occurs naturally in fats and oils as the backbone of triglycerides. Commercial glycerol is produced during the hydrolysis and saponification of fats and oils or generated as a byproduct of biodiesel production, and it can also be obtained via fermentation of sugars in biotechnological processes.

Uses: it is widely used as a food additive (E422), humectant, solvent, and sweetener; in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as a moisturizer and excipient; in the chemical and polymer industries as a plasticizer and antifreeze component; in analytical chemistry as a component of mobile phases and buffers.

Safety and regulation: glycerol is broadly regarded as safe for food and cosmetic use. It is of low acute toxicity and is generally non-irritating at typical exposure levels, though high concentrations can cause mild irritation or laxative effects if ingested in large amounts. It biodegrades readily and is considered environmentally benign.