épistaxis

Epistaxis is the medical term for a nosebleed. It occurs when blood vessels in the nasal lining rupture and bleed. The nasal lining is rich in blood vessels, making it prone to bleeding. Common causes include dry air, which can dry out and crack the nasal membranes, leading to irritation and bleeding. Nasal trauma, such as picking the nose or a blow to the face, is another frequent cause. Colds, allergies, and sinus infections can also lead to inflammation and increased susceptibility to nosebleeds.

Certain medical conditions can also contribute to epistaxis. These include high blood pressure, bleeding disorders like hemophilia, and the use of anticoagulant medications such as warfarin or aspirin. In children, nosebleeds are often caused by minor trauma or dryness. In adults, especially older adults, they may be a symptom of underlying medical issues or medication side effects.

Most nosebleeds are anterior, meaning they originate from the front part of the nose, specifically Kiesselbach's plexus, a network of blood vessels on the nasal septum. These are usually easier to manage. Posterior nosebleeds, which originate from the back of the nose, are less common but can be more serious and difficult to control, often requiring medical attention.

Treatment for a simple nosebleed typically involves sitting upright, leaning slightly forward to prevent swallowing blood, and applying direct pressure to the soft part of the nose for 10-15 minutes. If bleeding persists or is severe, medical evaluation is recommended to identify the cause and manage the condition appropriately.