élide

Õlide refers to a broad class of viscous, hydrophobic liquids typically derived from plant, animal, or mineral sources. In everyday use, edible oils are mainly triglycerides, esters formed from glycerol and fatty acids, while mineral oils are hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. Distinguishing from essential oils, which are volatile aromatic compounds used in fragrance and flavor, õlide generally denotes non-volatile fats and liquids used in food, industry, and cosmetics.

Common sources include vegetable oils such as olive, canola (rapeseed), sunflower, soybean, palm, coconut, and peanut; animal fats such as lard and tallow; marine oils such as fish oil; and mineral oils derived from crude oil. The chemical composition—primarily fatty acid chains of varying length and degree of unsaturation—determines properties like flavor, stability, and nutritional impact.

Extraction and processing methods vary. Oils are obtained by pressing seeds or fruits, or by solvent extraction. Post-extraction processing often includes refining steps such as degumming, bleaching, and deodorization to remove free fatty acids, pigments, and odors. Some oils undergo hydrogenation to increase stability, which can produce trans fats; fractionation and winterization separate liquid and solid fractions for specific applications.

Uses of õlide are diverse. In food, they provide calories and essential fatty acids, influence flavor and texture, and contribute to cooking performance via smoke points. In cosmetics and personal care, they act as emollients and carriers. Industrially, oils serve as lubricants, coolants, and raw materials for biodiesel and other chemicals.

Nutritional and environmental considerations are important. Fatty acid composition affects health outcomes, with unsaturated fats generally favored over saturated fats and trans fats. Storage should minimize oxidation—cool, dark containers and usage within shelf life. Palm oil and other high-demand oils raise sustainability concerns, often addressed through certifications and responsible sourcing efforts.