útsétti

Útsætti is an Old Norse term that translates roughly to "out-setting" or "expulsion." It refers to a legal and social process in medieval Scandinavian societies where an individual was formally removed from the community and deprived of their rights. This could occur for various reasons, including serious crimes like murder or theft, or for failing to uphold one's societal obligations.

The process of útsætti involved a public declaration, often at a local assembly or þing, where the individual was declared an outlaw. This meant they were no longer protected by the law and could be killed with impunity by anyone. Their property was often forfeited to the community or the king. The person declared útsætti was essentially exiled and could not return without significant atonement or a formal pardon, which was rare.

This practice served as a severe deterrent and a way to remove disruptive or dangerous elements from society. It underscores the importance of social cohesion and adherence to legal and moral codes in the Viking Age and subsequent medieval periods in Scandinavia. The concept of útsætti highlights the harsh realities of justice and social order in these historical contexts.