ööpäevara

ööpäevara is an Estonian word that is an early form of social assistance, providing financial support for families with children. The concept was first introduced in Estonia in the late 19th century as an initiative of German Emperor Wilhelm II, who aimed to alleviate poverty among large families. The name "ööpäevara" is derived from the Estonian phrase for "night-and-day maintenance," referring to the idea that the state would provide continuous support for families with children.

Under the ööpäevara system, eligible families with three or more children received financial assistance aimed at alleviating poverty. The funding typically covered a portion of family expenses such as food, clothing, and housing. The support was designed to encourage Estonian families to have more children and to reduce reliance on charity assistance.

The concept was implemented in 1890 and continued until it was abolished in 1918 following Estonia's declaration of independence from Germany. Over the course of its existence, over 5,000 families benefited from the ööpäevara system.

While some saw the ööpäevara system as a government-sponsored form of welfare, critics argued it was an attempt to exert German cultural and economic influence over Estonia. Regardless of its underlying motivations, the ööpäevara system remains a distinct chapter in the history of Estonian social welfare. As an early attempt at social reform, its legacy has precedents in similar assistance programs internationally, shaping public policy and providing insight into the historical context of family and poverty issues.