õhuseaduse

The Õhuseadus is the Estonian legal framework governing the use of airspace, the regulation of aviation activities, and the protection of the atmosphere. Enacted in the early 1990s, it replaced earlier Soviet-era air regulations and was designed to conform with European Union aviation directives and international standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The law establishes the responsibilities of the state, aviation operators, aircraft manufacturers, and users of the airspace, including certification requirements for aircraft and personnel, licensing procedures for pilots and air traffic controllers, and technical standards for aircraft design and operation.

A key aspect of the Õhuseadus is the management of air traffic control, ensuring the safety and coordination of flights within Estonian airspace and its intersections with neighboring jurisdictions. It also addresses issues of environmental protection, setting limits on emissions, noise, and the monitoring of air quality. The law mandates procedures for reporting incidents and accidents, and prescribes penalties for non-compliance.

The Õhuseadus works in conjunction with related legislation such as the Transport Act, the Environmental Protection Act, and the Civil Aviation Act to create an integrated regulatory system. It has been updated several times to incorporate evolving international regulations, technological advancements in aviation, and changing environmental priorities. Compliance with the Õhuseadus is essential for all aviation operators wishing to conduct flights in, over, or out of Estonian territory, ensuring safety, order, and environmental stewardship.