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échantillons

Échantillons is the plural of the French term échantillon, meaning a small part or portion selected to represent a larger whole. The concept is used across disciplines to study, test, or illustrate characteristics of a larger population or material.

In statistics and research, an échantillon is a subset of a population or a specimen collected for

In laboratories and quality control, échantillons are specimens drawn from production processes, patients, or environments to

In market research and surveys, échantillons refer to the individuals or products selected to estimate attitudes,

In music and media, an échantillon denotes a recorded sound fragment reused in a new work. This

Across uses, ethical and legal considerations—consent, privacy, and regulatory compliance—are often integral to handling échantillons.

analysis.
The
aim
is
to
infer
properties
of
the
whole
from
the
sample,
which
leads
to
the
field
of
échantillonnage
(sampling).
Common
methods
include
random
sampling,
systematic
sampling,
stratified
sampling,
and
cluster
sampling.
Key
ideas
are
representativeness,
sample
size,
and
sampling
error.
Bias
can
arise
from
selection,
nonresponse,
or
measurement
errors,
and
must
be
addressed
in
design
and
analysis.
test
composition,
purity,
contamination,
or
compliance
with
standards.
Proper
labeling,
preservation,
and
chain
of
custody
help
preserve
integrity
and
traceability.
opinions,
or
behaviors
of
a
broader
population.
The
sampling
design
and
respondent
treatment
influence
the
reliability
and
precision
of
results.
practice
involves
copyright,
licensing,
and
technical
considerations
such
as
timing
and
audio
quality.