äänestyskeinon

Äänestyskeinon, which translates to "voting means" or "means of voting," refers to the various methods and procedures by which individuals can cast their votes in an election. This encompasses the physical or digital mechanisms employed to record a voter's preference and ensure the integrity of the electoral process.

Historically, voting means have evolved significantly. Early forms often involved simple oral declarations or the dropping of tokens into a container. The introduction of written ballots marked a major step towards secrecy and standardization. Today, voting means can range from paper ballots marked by hand to optical scan systems that read filled-in bubbles, and increasingly, direct-recording electronic (DRE) machines or internet-based voting platforms.

The choice of voting means can have significant implications for accessibility, security, efficiency, and public trust. Paper ballots are often seen as auditable but can be slower to count. Electronic systems can expedite counting and offer accessibility features for voters with disabilities, but concerns about security vulnerabilities and the auditability of results can arise. Many jurisdictions employ a combination of methods to balance these factors. The specific äänestyskeinon used are typically determined by national or regional electoral laws and regulations.