äänenmenetyksen

Äänenmenetys, also known as vocal cord paralysis or vocal fold immobility, refers to the reduced or complete loss of movement in one or both vocal cords. The vocal cords, located in the larynx or voice box, are essential for producing sound through vibration when air passes through them. When their movement is impaired, it can significantly affect voice quality and function.

The causes of äänenmenetys are varied. Nerve damage is a primary culprit, often resulting from surgical procedures in the neck or chest, such as thyroid surgery or heart surgery, where the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which controls vocal cord movement, can be injured. Other causes include viral infections that can affect the nerves, tumors that press on or invade the nerves, neurological conditions like Parkinson's disease or stroke, and sometimes the cause remains idiopathic, meaning it is unknown. Trauma to the neck can also lead to vocal cord paralysis.

Symptoms of äänenmenetys depend on whether one or both vocal cords are affected. Unilateral paralysis, affecting one cord, often leads to hoarseness, breathiness, a weak or raspy voice, and vocal fatigue. The affected cord may not close properly with the healthy one, leading to air leakage. Bilateral paralysis, affecting both cords, can result in more severe breathing difficulties, especially during exertion, as the vocal cords remain too close together. Swallowing difficulties and aspiration, where food or liquid enters the airway, can also occur.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, a review of medical history, and an assessment of vocal function. Laryngoscopy, a procedure where a doctor visualizes the vocal cords using a scope, is crucial for diagnosis, allowing them to observe the extent of movement or immobility. Treatment options vary based on the underlying cause, the severity of symptoms, and whether the paralysis is temporary or permanent. They can range from voice therapy and exercises to surgical interventions aimed at improving vocal cord closure or airway patency.