Übersprungverhalten

Übersprungverhalten, often translated as displacement behavior or redirection activity, is a concept in ethology describing a behavioral sequence that appears out of context. It occurs when an animal is experiencing conflicting drives or is in a state of indecision, often during stressful or ambiguous situations. Instead of performing the action dictated by either drive, the animal engages in a seemingly unrelated activity, such as grooming, stretching, or vocalizing.

This behavior is thought to arise from a sudden increase in arousal that cannot be discharged by either of the competing motivations. The extraneous behavior serves as a way to release this pent-up energy and re-establish equilibrium. For example, a dog that is simultaneously motivated to approach its owner for affection and to retreat from a perceived threat might suddenly start scratching itself.

Übersprungverhalten is not learned or intentional; it is an innate response to internal conflict. While it might appear odd to an observer, it is a functional mechanism for coping with internal tension. Recognizing this behavior can provide insights into an animal's emotional state, particularly in situations where direct communication of stress or conflict is not possible. It is a common observation in many animal species, including mammals, birds, and fish.