Übergangsmetalle

Übergangsmetalle is the German term for transition metals. Transition metals are chemical elements in the d-block of the periodic table, meaning they are characterized by having valence electrons in d orbitals. These elements typically exhibit properties such as variable oxidation states, the ability to form complex ions, and often act as catalysts. Common examples include iron, copper, nickel, and gold. Their unique electronic configurations lead to a wide range of chemical behaviors and applications, from construction and electronics to biological processes. The d-block is located between the s-block and p-block elements, and their chemical properties show a gradual change across a period. Many transition metals are also paramagnetic due to the presence of unpaired electrons in their d orbitals. The definition of transition metals can sometimes vary, with some definitions excluding groups 11 and 12 from the strict d-block classification. However, in common usage, these elements are generally considered part of the transition metal group. Their historical and economic significance is immense, forming the basis of many industrial processes and technologies.