Únavnost

Únavnost is a term used in Czech and Slovak to describe a subjective sensation of tiredness and lack of energy. It includes physical fatigue, such as diminished strength after activity, and mental fatigue, such as reduced concentration or motivation. It is a common symptom that can follow normal sleep loss or illness, but it can also indicate an underlying health problem.

Fatigue can be acute or chronic. Acute fatigue develops after exertion and improves with rest, whereas chronic fatigue lasts weeks or months. A more severe form, chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis), is characterized by persistent fatigue not relieved by rest and may include post-exertional malaise, sleep problems, and cognitive difficulties.

Causes are diverse. They include insufficient sleep, excessive physical or mental exertion, stress, poor nutrition, and use of alcohol or drugs. Medical conditions such as anemia, thyroid disease, diabetes, infections, heart or kidney disease, and autoimmune disorders may contribute. Medications with sedating effects or interactions can also play a role, as can psychological conditions like depression and anxiety.

Diagnosis typically relies on patient history and physical examination, with targeted laboratory tests to rule out other conditions. Fatigue scales and questionnaires may be used in clinical practice and research to assess severity and impact.

Management focuses on identifying and treating underlying causes, improving sleep and activity patterns, maintaining a balanced diet, and managing stress. Regular physical activity, cognitive behavioral therapy, and addressing mood disorders can help. In some cases, treating a specific medical condition or deficiency is necessary.

Persistent or unexplained fatigue can impair daily functioning and quality of life and warrants medical evaluation when it lasts for several weeks or is accompanied by other alarming symptoms.