Öronsmärta

Öronsmärta, also known as otalgia, is pain felt in or around the ear. It is a common symptom with a wide range of possible causes. The pain can be sharp, dull, throbbing, or constant. It can affect one or both ears and may be intermittent or persistent.

The most frequent cause of ear pain in children is otitis media, an infection of the middle ear. This often follows a cold or other upper respiratory infection. Bacteria or viruses can cause inflammation and fluid buildup behind the eardrum, leading to pressure and pain. Symptoms can include fever, irritability, and difficulty sleeping.

In adults, ear pain can be caused by external otitis, commonly known as swimmer's ear. This is an infection of the ear canal, often due to water trapped in the ear after swimming, which creates a moist environment for bacteria to grow. Touching or pulling on the ear may intensify the pain.

Other causes of ear pain include changes in air pressure (barotrauma), such as during flights or scuba diving, which can affect the middle ear. Earwax impaction, where excess earwax blocks the ear canal, can also cause discomfort and a feeling of fullness.

Referred pain is another significant cause of ear pain. This means the pain originates elsewhere in the head or neck but is felt in the ear. Conditions like temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, dental problems (such as tooth decay or impacted wisdom teeth), and throat infections (like tonsillitis or pharyngitis) can all manifest as ear pain. Less commonly, ear pain can be a symptom of more serious conditions, so persistent or severe earache warrants medical attention.