Ónæmisskortar

Ónæmisskortar, often translated as immune deficiencies, are conditions where the body's immune system does not function properly. This can lead to an increased susceptibility to infections. These deficiencies can be inherited, meaning they are present from birth, or they can be acquired later in life due to other factors such as certain medications, diseases, or environmental exposures.

There are many different types of primary immune deficiencies, which are genetic disorders. These can affect various parts of the immune system, including the production of antibodies, the function of white blood cells, or the complement system. Symptoms can range from mild, such as frequent colds or ear infections, to severe, life-threatening infections.

Secondary immune deficiencies are more common and develop as a result of other conditions. Examples include acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or immune suppression that occurs in individuals undergoing chemotherapy or taking immunosuppressant drugs after organ transplantation. Malnutrition and certain cancers can also weaken the immune system.

Diagnosis of immune deficiencies typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to assess the components of the immune system. Treatment varies depending on the specific type and severity of the deficiency and may include medications to fight infections, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, or in some cases, stem cell transplantation. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for improving outcomes and quality of life for individuals with immune deficiencies.