zatemnní

Zatemnní is a term originating from Czech, which translates to "eclipse" in English. It is primarily used in the context of astronomy to describe the phenomenon where one celestial body moves into the shadow of another, temporarily obscuring its appearance from an observer's viewpoint. The most common types of zatemnní are solar and lunar eclipses.

A solar eclipse (zatemnní slunce) occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking all or part of the Sun's light. Depending on the alignment and distances between the Earth, Moon, and Sun, solar eclipses can be total, partial, or annular. Total eclipses involve the complete coverage of the Sun by the Moon, creating a brief period of darkness during daytime. Partial eclipses feature only a part of the Sun obscured, while annular eclipses produce a ring-like appearance as the Moon's apparent size is smaller than the Sun's.

A lunar eclipse (zatemnní měsíce) takes place when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the lunar surface. Lunar eclipses can be penumbral, partial, or total. Penumbral eclipses involve a subtle darkening of the Moon's surface, while total eclipses cause the Moon to take on a reddish hue, commonly referred to as a "blood moon." This red coloration results from Earth's atmosphere scattering sunlight into the shadowed area.

Zatemnní events are of significant scientific interest and cultural importance, often attracting observers worldwide. These phenomena are predictable with astronomical calculations and are studied extensively to understand celestial mechanics and Earth's atmospheric properties.