zagranicznymi

Zagraniczny is a Polish adjective meaning foreign or external, referring to things related to countries other than the one in question. It is commonly used to describe people, organizations, products, ideas, or relations that originate outside the domestic sphere. The form zagranicznymi is the instrumental plural of zagraniczny and is used when the described nouns are in the instrumental case in plural. For example: Z zagranicznymi partnerami podpisaliśmy umowę (We signed the agreement with foreign partners).

Etymology and morphology: zagraniczny derives from za granicą, meaning beyond the border. The instrumental plural ending -nymi (zagranicznymi) appears with plural nouns in the instrumental case, regardless of gender, e.g., z zagranicznymi krajami, z zagranicznymi ekspertami, z zagranicznymi klientami. In other cases the adjective inflects for number, gender, and case similarly to other Polish adjectives.

Usage and nuance: zagraniczny contrasts with krajowy (domestic) and with międzynarodowy (international, in a more formal sense). It often denotes origin or association with foreign entities rather than simply being outside the country. The term is common in business, diplomacy, travel, law, and academia. While zagraniczny focuses on external origin, międzynarodowy emphasizes relations between nations.

See also: foreign, international, domestic. See also related adjectives in Polish that form instrumental plurals with -nymi.

Overall, zagranicznymi is a standard grammatical form used to describe foreign actors or things in contexts where the instrumental plural case is required.