writtenby

Written by is a credit used to identify the author of the text in a production or publication. In film and television, it indicates the writer or writers responsible for the screenplay or teleplay. It may refer to an original screenplay, or to an adaptation of a pre-existing work. Distinctions: "Story by" credits the creator of the story, while "Written by" credits the person who wrote the screenplay. When multiple writers contribute, writing credits may be shared; the final arrangement is often determined by contract, studio producers, and, in the United States, by arbitration under the Writers Guild of America rules. The on-screen order can reflect contribution level or negotiated agreements but does not always perfectly map to actual input.

In publishing and journalism, "written by" can appear in bylines or author credit. In books, the equivalent is simply "by" followed by the author. In web content, "Written by" may precede the name of the author on articles and posts.

Copyright generally vests in the author or authors of the written material; credits are not sole determinations of ownership, though misattributed credits can raise issues. The phrase is widely recognized across media and is often essential for attribution, rights management, and professional recognition.