Guild

A guild is an association of artisans or merchants formed in medieval Europe to protect mutual interests and regulate a craft or trade. The term originated in this period and refers to organized groups that governed trades in towns and cities, providing social support, mutual aid, and collective bargaining. Guilds were often divided into apprentices, journeymen, and masters, and they operated under statutes that limited entry, set standards, trained workers, and controlled prices and quality.

Historically, craft guilds supervised production and quality, while merchant guilds regulated trade within a city or region. They built guild halls, funded religious and charitable activities, and resolved disputes internally. Membership typically granted rights such as practicing within a city and using a guild mark to denote quality or affiliation.

In the modern era, state regulation, industrialization, and professional licensing reduced the power of traditional guilds, but many evolved into professional associations, trade bodies, or unions. Modern forms often certify skills, provide continuing education, and advocate for members. Examples include the Writers Guild of America and Directors Guild of America in the entertainment industry, as well as various craft and trades associations and chambers of commerce. In digital and cultural contexts, the term guild is also used for organized groups within online games and communities.