wolframszálat

Wolframszálat, also known as tungsten filament, is a material commonly used in incandescent light bulbs. It is a type of wire made from the element tungsten, which has a very high melting point, making it suitable for the extreme temperatures required to produce light. The process of creating a tungsten filament involves purifying tungsten powder and then extruding it through a die to form a fine wire. This wire is then wound into a specific shape, often a coiled helix, to maximize its surface area and light output within a small volume.

When electricity passes through the tungsten filament, its high electrical resistance causes it to heat up to a temperature of around 2,500 to 3,000 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the filament glows brightly, emitting visible light. However, this process is inefficient, with a significant portion of the energy lost as heat. To prevent the filament from oxidizing and burning up in the presence of air, incandescent bulbs are typically filled with an inert gas, such as argon or nitrogen, or evacuated to create a vacuum. The lifespan of a tungsten filament is limited by evaporation, where tungsten atoms slowly sublimate from the hot filament over time, eventually leading to thinning and breakage. Despite its inefficiencies, tungsten filament remains a historical and important component in lighting technology.