vérgázvizsgálat

Vérgázvizsgálat, often referred to as Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis, is a crucial laboratory test that measures the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the blood's pH. This test is typically performed on an arterial blood sample, which is drawn from an artery, commonly in the wrist (radial artery), groin (femoral artery), or arm (brachial artery). The arterial blood is used because it provides a more accurate reflection of the body's gas exchange and acid-base balance compared to venous blood.

The primary purpose of a vérgázvizsgálat is to assess the efficiency of the lungs in oxygenating the blood and removing carbon dioxide, and to evaluate the body's acid-base status. Key parameters measured include partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), pH, bicarbonate (HCO3-), and oxygen saturation (SaO2). Deviations from normal values can indicate a variety of respiratory or metabolic conditions.

For instance, a low PaO2 may suggest inadequate oxygen supply to the tissues, while an elevated PaCO2 can indicate impaired carbon dioxide elimination, often seen in respiratory depression or failure. The pH level is critical for determining whether the body is in an acidic (acidosis) or alkaline (alkalosis) state, and further analysis of bicarbonate levels helps differentiate between respiratory and metabolic causes of these imbalances.

Vérgázvizsgálat is commonly employed in intensive care units, emergency departments, and operating rooms. It is essential for monitoring patients with respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia, COPD, or asthma, as well as those with conditions affecting metabolism or kidney function, including diabetic ketoacidosis or kidney failure. The results help clinicians make informed decisions regarding treatment, such as adjusting ventilator settings, administering oxygen therapy, or managing acid-base disturbances.