vulvarvaginal

Vulvarvaginal is not a formal medical term, but it is sometimes used to refer collectively to the vulva and the vagina, the external and internal parts of the female genitalia. The vulva includes the mons pubis, labia majora and minora, the clitoris, and the openings of the urethra and vagina. The vagina is a muscular canal that extends from the vaginal opening to the cervix and uterus; it functions in sexual activity, menstruation, and childbirth.

Conditions that affect both regions are commonly described as vulvovaginal conditions. The term vulvovaginitis is used for inflammation of the vulva and vagina, which can result from infections (such as yeast Candida, bacteria, or sexually transmitted organisms), allergic or irritant reactions, or hormonal changes. Symptoms commonly include itching, burning, redness, unusual discharge, and sometimes pain with urination or intercourse.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history and a physical examination; tests may include vaginal swabs, microscopy, and sometimes culture or pH testing to identify the cause. Treatment depends on the cause: antifungal medications for yeast infections, antibiotics for bacterial infections, antivirals for certain infections, and topical corticosteroids or barrier creams for dermatitis. General care includes avoiding irritants (perfumed soaps, douches), wearing breathable underwear, and maintaining good hygiene. In postmenopausal individuals, vaginal moisturizers or estrogen therapy may be discussed with a clinician.

When to seek care: persistent or recurrent symptoms, severe pain, fever, or unusual discharge; pregnancy or immunocompromised status also warrants medical evaluation.