vosotrosform

The vosotros form is the second-person plural informal pronoun and verb conjugation used in several varieties of Spanish. It is primarily associated with Spain, where it accompanies a distinct set of verb endings in the present, past, and other tenses. In most of Latin America, the ustedes form is used for both formal and informal plural you, and the vosotros form is rarely spoken outside some regional or colloquial contexts.

In standard Spanish, the present indicative conjugation for vosotros ends with -áis for -ar verbs (hablar -> habláis), -éis for -er verbs (comer -> coméis), and -ís for -ir verbs (vivir -> vivís). The affirmative imperative forms are hablad, comed, vivid; the negative imperatives are no habléis, no comáis, no viváis. Other tenses include the preterite (hablasteis, comisteis, vivisteis), the imperfect (hablabais, comíais, vivíais), and the present subjunctive (habléis, comáis, viváis). The present perfect uses the vosotros form as well (habéis hablado, comido, vivido).

Regional usage varies. In Spain, vosotros is widely used in informal speech among familiares, friends, or colleagues of equal status. Ustedes is used as the formal singular/plural in most Spanish-speaking countries and in some parts of Spain in formal contexts. Some regional dialects retain limited or ceremonial use of vosotros, but it is overwhelmingly standard in everyday speech in Spain.

Historically, vos and vosostros evolved from Latin vos and associated forms, with vosotros forming a historical plural form that differentiated informal address from the formal ustedes. Today, the vosotros form remains a hallmark of Peninsular Spanish, signaling informal plural address in regions where it is still common.