vomitingespecially

Vomiting, also known as emesis, is the forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth. This is a complex reflex action coordinated by the vomiting center in the brainstem. It is often preceded by nausea, a feeling of unease and the urge to vomit. Various factors can trigger vomiting.

Common causes include infections, such as gastroenteritis (stomach flu), where viruses or bacteria irritate the digestive tract. Motion sickness, resulting from conflicting sensory signals to the brain, is another frequent trigger. Ingesting toxins, spoiled food, or excessive alcohol can also lead to vomiting as the body attempts to expel harmful substances. Certain medications, like chemotherapy drugs or opioids, can have vomiting as a side effect.

Other triggers include severe pain, head injuries, and conditions affecting the inner ear, which is involved in balance. Vomiting can also be a symptom of gastrointestinal issues like appendicitis, ulcers, or bowel obstruction. Psychological factors, such as extreme stress, fear, or disgust, can also induce vomiting. In some cases, vomiting may be related to pregnancy, particularly morning sickness. While often a self-limiting symptom, persistent or severe vomiting can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, requiring medical attention.