volksverhuizingen

Volksverhuizingen, often translated as "great migrations" or "population movements," refers to the large-scale movements of people that occurred in Europe, primarily between the 4th and 6th centuries AD. These movements were not a single, unified event but rather a complex series of migrations, invasions, and settlements by various Germanic peoples, as well as Huns and others, into the territories of the Western Roman Empire and its successor states.

The exact causes of these volksverhuizingen are debated among historians, but likely factors include climate change, population pressure, the allure of Roman wealth and lands, and the disruptive influence of the Huns pushing westward. These movements led to the collapse of Roman authority in the West, the establishment of new kingdoms, and a significant reshaping of the political and ethnic landscape of Europe.

Prominent groups involved included the Goths (Visigoths and Ostrogoths), Vandals, Franks, Lombards, Angles, Saxons, and Suebi. Their migrations often involved conflict with Roman forces and with each other, as well as periods of cohabitation and assimilation. The consequences of the volksverhuizingen were profound, contributing to the transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages and laying the foundations for many of the modern European nations. The term itself is German and carries a connotation of the movement of entire peoples.