voimatekijäksi

Voimatekijäksi is a Finnish term that translates to "power factor" in English. It is a dimensionless quantity used in alternating current (AC) electrical systems that represents the ratio of real power (measured in watts) to apparent power (measured in volt-amperes). The power factor indicates how effectively electrical power is being converted into useful work.

A power factor of 1.0 (or unity) means that all the apparent power is being converted into real power, which is the most efficient scenario. A power factor less than 1.0 indicates that some of the apparent power is reactive power, which does not perform useful work but is still present in the circuit. This reactive power can be caused by inductive loads, such as motors and transformers, or capacitive loads.

Low power factors can lead to several issues. They increase the current flowing through the electrical system for a given amount of real power, which can result in higher energy losses in the form of heat in conductors. This also necessitates larger and more expensive electrical equipment, such as transformers and cables. In industrial and commercial settings, utility companies often penalize consumers with low power factors through increased electricity bills, as it places a greater burden on their generation and distribution infrastructure.

To improve power factor, devices like capacitor banks are often installed. These devices can counteract the inductive reactive power, bringing the overall power factor closer to unity. Understanding and managing power factor is crucial for efficient and economical operation of electrical systems.