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A vinyl group, also known as ethenyl, is a functional group in organic chemistry with the chemical formula -CH=CH2. It is derived from ethene (ethylene) by the removal of one hydrogen atom. This group is characterized by the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond, which imparts specific reactivity to molecules containing it. Vinyl groups are common building blocks in the synthesis of polymers and other organic compounds.

The double bond in a vinyl group is a region of high electron density, making it susceptible to electrophilic addition reactions. This reactivity is fundamental to polymerization processes where vinyl monomers link together to form long polymer chains. For example, vinyl chloride (CH2=CHCl) polymerizes to form polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a widely used plastic. Styrene (C6H5CH=CH2), which contains a vinyl group attached to a phenyl ring, polymerizes to polystyrene.

In addition to polymerization, vinyl groups can undergo various other chemical transformations, including hydrogenation, halogenation, and hydrohalogenation. The presence of a vinyl group can also influence the electronic and physical properties of a molecule. For instance, it can increase polarity and affect UV-Vis absorption spectra. The vinyl group is a versatile moiety in organic synthesis, finding applications in pharmaceuticals, materials science, and agrochemicals.