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Vinyl acetate ethylene (VAE) is a copolymer produced by the polymerization of vinyl acetate and ethylene monomers. It is a flexible, water-based adhesive polymer. VAE is known for its excellent adhesion to a wide range of substrates, including paper, cardboard, wood, textiles, and some plastics. Its properties include good flexibility, water resistance, and film formation. The ratio of vinyl acetate to ethylene can be adjusted during synthesis to tailor the final properties of the polymer, such as glass transition temperature, flexibility, and adhesive strength. Higher vinyl acetate content generally leads to a higher glass transition temperature and increased rigidity, while higher ethylene content increases flexibility and water resistance. VAE is commonly used in applications such as adhesives for packaging, woodworking, bookbinding, and textile finishing. It is also found in paints, coatings, and as a binder in non-woven fabrics. Its low VOC (volatile organic compound) content and water-based nature make it an environmentally friendly alternative to solvent-based adhesives. VAE emulsions are stable and can be formulated with various additives to enhance performance, such as tackifiers, plasticizers, and rheology modifiers.