viljelus

Viljelus is the practice of cultivating crops on agricultural land. It includes soil preparation, sowing, crop management, and harvesting, and covers arable farming and horticulture. The aim is to produce food, feed, fiber, or other plant products while maintaining or improving soil health and biodiversity.

Key activities include soil preparation (plowing, harrowing, bed formation), planting (seeds or transplants), and crop management (irrigation, fertilization, weed control, pest and disease management, pruning where applicable). Post-harvest handling such as cleaning, drying, and storage may also be considered part of the crop production cycle.

Methods range from conventional tillage to reduced tillage and no-till systems, depending on soil and climate. Crop rotation, intercropping, and use of cover crops are common practices to improve soil structure and fertility. The choice of crops and practices depends on climate, soil type, market demands, and sustainability goals.

Modern viljelus uses technology such as machinery, precision agriculture, greenhouse cultivation, and sometimes hydroponics or aeroponics. Environmental considerations include water use efficiency, nutrient management, erosion control, and reducing chemical inputs through integrated pest management and organic farming where appropriate.

History and scope: Agriculture emerged with domestication of plants and animals; viljelus as a concept has evolved with mechanization and intensified farming. Its scope varies across regions and is central to rural economies and national food security.