vihmavarid

Vihmavarid is a term used in Estonian to denote rainwater resources and, in practical use, the systems and practices for collecting, storing, and using rainwater. It encompasses both the physical infrastructure that captures and stores water and the management practices that determine how the water is used.

A typical vihmavaris system includes several elements: a collection surface such as a roof, conveyance channels like gutters and downspouts, storage tanks or cisterns, and, in some cases, treatment or purification steps. Basic systems may rely on simple barrels or tanks, while more advanced setups include first-flush devices, filtration, and disinfection to support non-potable or even potable uses under appropriate standards.

Uses of rainwater gathered through vihmavarid vary. Common applications include landscape irrigation, garden fountains, toilet flushing, and laundry or industrial process water. In regions with higher water demand or limited supply, rainwater can reduce dependence on mains water and help manage stormwater runoff, contributing to flood mitigation and urban green infrastructure.

Benefits and considerations. Rainwater harvesting can lower water bills, increase resilience during droughts, and reduce runoff-related erosion. Challenges include maintaining water quality, system upkeep, leak prevention, and initial cost. In cold climates, frost protection is important, and regulatory and safety requirements may apply when using collected water for specific purposes.

See also: rainwater harvesting, sustainable drainage, water conservation.