verejooksuhäirete

Verejooksuhäired, known in English as bleeding disorders, are a group of conditions where the blood's ability to clot is impaired. This can lead to excessive bleeding, either spontaneously or after an injury, surgery, or dental procedure. These disorders can range in severity from mild to life-threatening.

The most common inherited bleeding disorders are hemophilia and von Willebrand disease. Hemophilia is a rare genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, which are a collection of proteins that help stop bleeding. Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, affecting both men and women, and is caused by a deficiency or defect in von Willebrand factor, a protein that helps platelets stick together and helps factor VIII function.

Acquired bleeding disorders can develop later in life due to other medical conditions, medications, or nutritional deficiencies. Examples include vitamin K deficiency, liver disease, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Certain medications, such as anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs, can also increase the risk of bleeding.

Symptoms of bleeding disorders vary depending on the specific condition and its severity. They can include easy bruising, nosebleeds, bleeding gums, prolonged bleeding from cuts, heavy menstrual periods in women, and blood in the urine or stool. In severe cases, bleeding can occur internally in joints, muscles, or organs, causing pain, swelling, and damage.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to assess clotting factors and platelet function. Treatment aims to manage bleeding episodes, prevent future bleeding, and address the underlying cause if it's acquired. This may involve medication, blood transfusions, or other specialized therapies. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving hematologists and other healthcare professionals.