vencido

Vencido is a Spanish adjective and the past participle of vencer, meaning that something or someone has been defeated, overcome, or surpassed. It is used to describe a person, team, or entity that has lost in a contest, battle, or competition, as well as to indicate a situation in which opposition has yielded.

In its primary sense, vencido refers to defeat. It can be used for individuals or groups, and in narrative or journalistic contexts the terms vencedor (the winner) and vencido (the defeated) often appear as paired opposites.

Vencido also has a temporal and administrative meaning: it indicates that a term, deadline, document, or right has expired or lapsed. Common expressions include plazo vencido (expired term), fecha de vencimiento (expiration date), documento vencido (expired document), and póliza vencida (expired policy).

Additionally, vencido can describe weariness or exhaustion in everyday language, though more standard words like agotado or cansado are typically used. For example, alguien está vencido after hard work can convey a sense of being worn out.

Etymologically, vencido derives from vencer, which comes from the Latin vincere, meaning to conquer or defeat. The -ido suffix forms the participle, yielding the adjective and noun senses found in modern Spanish.

In usage, vencido commonly appears in legal, administrative, sports, and literary contexts, and can function as both predicative and attributive adjective, as well as a noun when referring to the defeated. See also vencer, vencimiento, and caducidad.