veldkieming

Veldkieming is a term used in Dutch- and Afrikaans-speaking agronomy and ecology to describe the germination of seeds under field conditions. It refers to the emergence of seedlings from seeds present in the soil seed bank or dispersed onto a field, under natural environmental factors such as weather, soil moisture, temperature, light, and disturbance. Unlike laboratory germination tests, veldkieming occurs in situ and is influenced by microclimate, soil structure, litter cover, and interactions with grazing animals and seed predators.

In veld ecosystems, field germination contributes to plant recruitment after disturbances such as grazing or mowing. In agricultural contexts, veldkieming affects weed emergence and pasture establishment, and it is a key component of seed-bank dynamics and crop weed management. Factors affecting veldkieming include soil temperature and moisture at sowing time, seed depth, dormancy and after-ripening status, soil crust formation, seed predation, and competition with established vegetation.

Measuring veldkieming often involves monitoring emergence percentages in field plots, comparing to controlled germination tests, and modeling emergence under varying environmental scenarios. The concept helps researchers and land managers understand recruitment patterns, weed risks, and the resilience of native grassland species after disturbance.

Etymology: veld means field in Afrikaans/Dutch, and kieming means germination. The term is commonly used in studies of South African veld grasslands and in Dutch-language agronomic literature to distinguish field germination from greenhouse or laboratory germination.