vastineelektrodi

Vastineelektrodi, commonly translated as counter electrode or reference electrode in electrochemical systems, serves as the complementary electrode to the working electrode in a voltammetric or electrolytic cell. Its primary function is to provide a stable counterbalance that permits accurate measurement of the electrochemical potential and facilitates the current flow necessary for redox reactions. In a three‑electrode configuration, the counter electrode is typically non‑selective and is chosen to be inert, large in surface area, and electrically conductive.

Common materials used for vastineelektrodi include platinum, graphite, glassy carbon, or titanium. Platinum and graphite are favored because they exhibit minimal reaction with most analytes and possess high electrochemical potential stability. The choice of material influences the overall cell resistance and can affect the reversibility of the redox processes. In some analytical setups, especially for high‑resolution cyclic voltammetry, a micro‑counter electrode may be employed to reduce ohmic drop.

The counter electrode plays a pivotal role in industrial electrolysis processes, such as metal purification and water splitting, by ensuring efficient charge transfer and preventing the buildup of concentration gradients. In standard laboratory electrochemical investigations, maintaining a clean, well‑polished counter electrode surface is essential to avoid contaminant pathways that could interfere with the desired reaction. Regular conditioning, often involving potential cycling, is performed to keep the counter electrode surface active. This ensures reproducible data and extends the operational lifespan of the electrode.