validium
Validium is a layer-2 scaling solution for blockchains such as Ethereum that uses zero-knowledge proofs to verify state transitions while keeping transaction data off-chain. In validium, data availability does not rely on the main chain; instead, data is stored off-chain in a separate data availability layer, often a data availability committee or dedicated storage. This arrangement enables higher throughput and lower on-chain data load but introduces trust assumptions about data availability.
How it works: An operator collects user transactions, computes a new state, and produces a zero-knowledge proof
Security and trade-offs: Validium offers higher throughput and lower gas costs compared with on-chain data models,
Relation to other layer-2 approaches: Validium contrasts with zk-rollups, where transaction data is posted to the
Applications: Validium has been deployed in StarkWare’s StarkEx-enabled apps, such as DeversiFi and dYdX, to enable