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Diaper rash, known medically as irritant diaper dermatitis, is a common skin condition affecting infants and toddlers. It appears as redness, inflammation, and sometimes small bumps or blisters on the skin covered by a diaper. The primary cause is prolonged exposure of the skin to moisture from urine and feces, which can break down the skin's protective barrier.

Several factors can contribute to or worsen diaper rash. These include insufficient diaper changes, irritation from certain diaper materials or brands, sensitivity to soaps, detergents, or wipes used for cleaning, and the introduction of new foods into an infant's diet, which can alter stool composition. Fungal infections, particularly by Candida, can also cause a more persistent and distinct type of diaper rash, often characterized by bright red patches with satellite lesions.

Prevention is key in managing diaper rash. Frequent diaper changes, allowing the baby's skin to air dry whenever possible, and using a gentle, fragrance-free cleaning routine are recommended. Applying a barrier cream containing zinc oxide or petroleum jelly at each diaper change can protect the skin from irritants. If the rash is severe, doesn't improve with home care, or shows signs of infection like pus or fever, medical attention should be sought to rule out fungal or bacterial infections and to obtain appropriate treatment.