výhybka

A výhybka, meaning railway switch or turnout in English, is a mechanical device installed on railway tracks that allows trains to be diverted from one line to another. It is a crucial component of railway infrastructure, enabling route selection and the operation of complex railway networks.

A basic výhybka consists of two main parts: the tongue rails and the stock rails. The tongue rails are movable, pointed sections of rail that, when set in one position, align with one of the diverging tracks. The stock rails are the stationary rails against which the tongue rails are pressed. When a train approaches a výhybka, the points are set by railway personnel or an automated signaling system to guide the train onto the desired track.

Výhybky are essential for creating junctions, sidings, and bypasses. They are critical for operational flexibility, allowing trains to change tracks for overtaking, entering or leaving stations, or accessing maintenance depots. The design and maintenance of výhybky are vital for ensuring safe and efficient railway operations, as any malfunction can lead to derailment. Modern výhybky are often equipped with electric point machines for remote operation and detection systems to confirm their correct position.