ustanawia

Ustanawia is a Polish verb form meaning “he establishes” or “she establishes.” The infinitive is ustanawiać (imperfective), with the perfective counterpart ustanowić. The term is used to describe the act of establishing, setting up, or determining rules, institutions, or standards by authority. It appears frequently in legal, administrative, and organizational language, where a body with jurisdiction codifies a rule or arrangement.

Etymology and nuance: The verb is formed with the prefix u- attached to the root stan (state, condition) and carries the sense of fixing something in a defined state. As an imperfective verb, ustanawiać emphasizes the process or routine of establishing, while its perfective form ustanowić denotes a completed act of establishment.

Usage: Ustanawia is common in formal writing, policy statements, government decrees, and organizational regulations. It is closely related to ustanawiać and ustalać, but generally emphasizes formal establishment by authority rather than merely fixing terms or rates.

Conjugation and forms: Present tense 3rd person singular is ustanawia. Other present forms include ja ustanawiam, ty ustanawiasz, my ustanawiamy, wy ustanawiacie, and oni ustanawiają. The perfective forms include ustanowić (to establish once) and corresponding conjugations, with past tense forms such as ustanowił, ustanowiła, ustanowili, and future forms built with będzie ustanawiał.

Examples: Rząd ustanawia nowe zasady opodatkowania. Organizacja ustanawia regulamin pracy. W praktyce ustawodawczej często pojawia się sformułowanie „ustanawia przepisy,” meaning to establish the rules.