urémie

Uremia refers to a clinical syndrome that arises from kidney failure. It is characterized by a buildup of waste products, such as urea, in the blood, which are normally filtered out by healthy kidneys. This accumulation can lead to a wide range of signs and symptoms affecting multiple organ systems.

The causes of uremia are typically related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can stem from conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, or polycystic kidney disease. As kidney function declines, the body's ability to excrete metabolic waste, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and produce essential hormones is impaired.

Symptoms of uremia can vary in severity and may include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, itching, muscle cramps, confusion, and difficulty breathing. In advanced stages, it can lead to anemia, bone disease, and cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is usually made through blood tests that measure creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, along with an assessment of kidney function.

Treatment for uremia focuses on managing the underlying cause of kidney failure and alleviating symptoms. This may involve dietary modifications, medications to control blood pressure and anemia, and, in severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation to replace the function of the failing kidneys. Early detection and management of kidney disease are crucial to preventing or slowing the progression of uremia.