urucum

Urucum is a natural red pigment derived from the seeds of the annatto tree, Bixa orellana. Native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, the annatto tree has been cultivated for centuries by indigenous peoples for its vibrant color. The seeds are coated in a reddish pulp, from which the annatto extract is obtained. This extract is rich in carotenoids, particularly bixin and norbixin, which are responsible for its distinctive color.

Historically, urucum has been used for a variety of purposes. Indigenous tribes used it as a body paint for rituals and protection from the sun, as well as a dye for textiles and food. Today, urucum is widely used as a food coloring agent, providing shades ranging from yellow to deep red, and is found in products like cheese, butter, snacks, and confectionery. Its natural origin and perceived health benefits have made it an attractive alternative to synthetic dyes.

Beyond its coloring properties, urucum also possesses antioxidant and antimicrobial qualities due to its carotenoid content. Research has explored its potential medicinal applications, although further studies are needed. The cultivation of annatto trees plays a role in the economies of several countries, with Brazil being a significant producer. The extraction process typically involves grinding the seeds and separating the pigment, which can then be used in various forms, including oil, powder, and paste.