urothelialis

Urothelialis is a histological term used to describe characteristics or features of the urothelium, the specialized epithelium that lines the urinary tract. In medical and scientific usage, urothelialis may appear as an adjective modifying tissues, cells, or pathology associated with this lining, which covers the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and the proximal portion of the urethra.

Structure and properties: The urothelium is a stratified transitional epithelium composed of basal, intermediate, and superficial umbrella cells. The superficial cells have thick, plaque-rich membranes supported by uroplakins and tight junctions, creating a highly impermeable barrier. The epithelium can stretch markedly as the bladder fills, while maintaining barrier function due to cell–cell adhesions and an underlying lamina propria.

Function and renewal: The urothelium protects underlying tissues from urine-solutes and toxins, while allowing distension. It regenerates from basal progenitor cells after injury or surgery, enabling rapid restoration of the barrier. It can adapt its surface cell morphology during distension and catheterization.

Clinical context: In practice, tumors arising from urothelium are called urothelial carcinomas. The term urothelialis is rarely used in contemporary literature; "urothelial" is the standard form when describing tissue, disease, or biomarkers. Urothelial pathology includes carcinoma in situ, papillary urothelial carcinomas, and conditions such as inflammation and infection that affect the urinary tract.

Etymology and usage: The form urothelialis is a Latinized adjective meaning "pertaining to urothelium." In modern textbooks and journals, the adjective urothelial is more commonly employed to describe cells, tissues, and disorders of the urinary tract.