uricotelisme

Uricotélisme is a term used to describe a group of mammals characterized by low body temperature and a particular type of metabolism. This category includes species such as hedgehogs, shrews, and elephants, among others. Uricotelism is a mode of excretion, where the body is incapable of forming ammonia, instead turning to uric acid as the primary nitrogenous waste product.

In uricotélisme, the animal's kidneys excrete dried, white crystals of uric acid. This results in high concentrations of uric acid in the blood and a higher risk of urate crystal deposits in the kidneys. Features common to uricotélisme include adaptations to conserve water in arid environments and a diet rich in proteins and purines, which can be converted to uric acid. Uricotelic mammals often have unique physiological characteristics, such as the ability to concentrate urine and produce highly acidic urine to help excrete uric acid.

The name "uricotélisme" originates from the Greek words "ourikos," meaning uric acid, and "telikos," referring to a place or a type. This term was coined by researchers to describe this metabolic and renal excretion specialization. Uricotélisme is found in various animal species across different continents, each associated with distinctive adaptations to their habitats. Understanding the complexities of uricotélisme can provide valuable insights into the evolution of mammalian physiology.