ugly

Ugly is an adjective used to describe something that is aesthetically displeasing or unattractive according to a particular cultural standard. As a subjective judgment, judgments of ugliness vary across cultures and over time and may apply to people, objects, landscapes, or acts. The term has Germanic roots and historically carried notions of fear, repulsion, or moral disapproval; today it is primarily used in everyday language to express disapproval of appearance, form, or arrangement.

In aesthetics, ugliness is often discussed in relation to beauty. Some theories treat ugliness as a simple negation of beauty, while others see it as a legitimate category in art—grotesque, uncanny, or anti-aesthetic works that challenge norms or provoke thought. Movements such as grotesque art and certain modern architectures deliberately employ ugliness to evoke reaction or critique.

Socially, labeling someone ugly can contribute to stigma, bullying, and discrimination, affecting self-image and social opportunities. Academic literature analyzes how media representation and beauty standards shape perceptions of ugliness. Conversely, campaigns and scholars advocate expanding norms of attractiveness and recognizing value beyond appearance. The term appears in everyday use and in industry: for example, imperfect produce marketed as ugly fruit or vegetables to reduce waste.

In culture and literature, the idea of ugliness has appeared in fairy tales and philosophy, sometimes revealing moral judgments about character and virtue. Notable contrasts include the familiar "ugly duckling" story, which explores transformation and social acceptance.