túvosotros

Tú and vosotros are two sets of second-person pronouns in Spanish that encode number and formality. Tú is the singular informal form used when addressing one person with familiarity. Vosotros is the plural informal form used in Spain to address a group. In many Spanish-speaking countries, the informal plural is expressed with ustedes, and the direct formal address in both singular and plural is usted/ustedes. The tú–vosotros contrast is a defining feature of Peninsular Spanish, while many Latin American varieties favor ustedes for both informal and formal plural speech.

In terms of verb conjugation, the two forms diverge in many tenses. With tú, verbs take endings such as -as, -es, -es (hablas, comes, vives). With vosotros, the corresponding endings are -áis, -éis, -ís (habláis, coméis, vivís). The imperative forms differ as well: tú habla, come, vive; vosotros habláis as a present-tense form, but the imperative is hablad, comed, vivid. Negative commands follow the same pattern: no hables vs no habléis; no comas vs no comáis; no vivas vs no viváis. Reflexive pronouns also shift: tú te llamas, vosotros os llamáis.

Regional usage varies. Spain maintains vosotros in informal plural speech, while usted/ustedes is used for formal contexts. In much of Latin America, ustedes is standard for both formal and informal plural. Some regions also feature vos as a singular informal form instead of tú (not to be confused with vosotros). The existence of tú and vosotros thus reflects both regional norms and social registers in Spanish.