tömegcsillapítók

Tömegcsillapítók, known in English as mass dampers or tuned mass dampers (TMDs), are passive or active devices used to reduce vibrations in structures. They are particularly effective in mitigating the effects of wind, seismic activity, or other dynamic forces that can cause undesirable swaying or oscillation in buildings, bridges, and other large structures. The fundamental principle behind a tömegcsillapító is to introduce a secondary mass-spring-damper system that is tuned to the natural frequency of the primary structure. When the structure begins to vibrate at its natural frequency, the tömegcsillapító also begins to oscillate. This oscillation is designed to be out of phase with the structure's vibration, effectively absorbing and dissipating the vibrational energy.

The design of a tömegcsillapító involves careful calculation of the mass, stiffness of the springs, and damping coefficient of the damper to ensure it is properly tuned to the target frequency. Passive tömegcsillapítók rely on gravity and the inherent properties of their components to achieve damping. Active tömegcsillapítók, on the other hand, utilize sensors to detect vibrations and an actuator system to generate counteracting forces, offering greater control and adaptability. The installation of tömegcsillapítók can significantly enhance the comfort and safety of occupants by reducing perceived motion and preventing excessive stress on structural elements. Notable examples of structures employing tömegcsillapítók include Taipei 101 in Taiwan and the Millennium Bridge in London.