tónusváltozást

Tónusváltozás refers to a change in muscle tone. Muscle tone, or tonus, is the continuous and passive partial contraction of muscles that is essential for maintaining posture, balance, and regulating bodily functions. It is the resistance of muscles to passive stretching. In a healthy individual, muscle tone is maintained at a baseline level, allowing for smooth and coordinated movements.

A tónusváltozás can manifest in several ways, most notably as either increased muscle tone (hypertonia) or decreased muscle tone (hypotonia). Hypertonia is characterized by stiffness and resistance to passive movement, which can lead to spasticity or rigidity. Conditions like stroke, cerebral palsy, or Parkinson's disease can cause hypertonia. Conversely, hypotonia presents as decreased muscle resistance, often described as "floppy" muscles. This can be associated with genetic disorders like Down syndrome, muscular dystrophy, or certain neurological conditions.

The assessment of muscle tone is a crucial part of neurological examinations. Clinicians evaluate it by passively moving a patient's limbs and observing the degree of resistance. Changes in muscle tone can be a significant indicator of underlying neurological or muscular disorders. Diagnosis and management of tónusváltozás depend on identifying the root cause, which may involve further medical investigations and therapeutic interventions such as physical therapy or medication.