tækifærissýkinga

Tækifærissýkinga, a term originating from Icelandic, translates to "opportunistic infection." These are infections that occur in individuals with weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to pathogens that would typically not cause illness in a healthy person. The compromised immune system can arise from various conditions, including HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy, organ transplantation, or chronic illnesses.

The causative agents of opportunistic infections are often common microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa that are usually kept in check by a robust immune response. When the immune system is weakened, these organisms can proliferate and cause disease. Examples of common opportunistic infections include Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), candidiasis (thrush), and toxoplasmosis.

The severity of opportunistic infections can range from mild to life-threatening, depending on the extent of immune suppression and the specific pathogen involved. Diagnosis typically involves identifying the causative organism through laboratory tests, such as blood work, cultures, or imaging studies. Treatment strategies focus on eradicating the infection and, when possible, strengthening the immune system to prevent recurrence. Antifungal, antiviral, or antibiotic medications are commonly used. Prevention also plays a crucial role, particularly for individuals at high risk, often involving prophylactic medication to suppress potential pathogens.